A new study published in *PLOS One* argues that the rise of Sumer was driven by tidal dynamics, river flows, and sedimentation at the head of the Persian Gulf. From 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, tidal freshwater influx enabled early agriculture and social complexity; the subsequent loss of tidal access prompted large‑scale irrigation and flood protection, shaping Sumer’s urban and cultural development.
Moudhy Al-Rashid's book "Between Two Rivers" delves into the intricate history of Mesopotamia, a region in modern-day Iraq that has often taken a backseat to the more commonly discussed civilizations of Greece, Rome, and Egypt. Through the lens of ancient tablets inscribed with the world’s oldest script, Al-Rashid’s narrative illuminates the rich tapestry of Mesopotamia, highlighting its profound contributions to the development of the modern world. This detailed and engaging work by Al-Rashid brings to light the often-overlooked story of this ancient civilization.
