The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), set to be operational by 2028, will significantly enhance our ability to study exoplanetary atmospheres. With a 39-meter primary mirror, it will provide images 16 times sharper than the Hubble Space Telescope. Simulations indicate that the ELT could detect signs of life on an Earth-like planet around Proxima Centauri in just 10 hours. It will also distinguish between different planetary atmospheres, reducing the risk of false positives or negatives in detecting life.
- Evolution is seen as a highly path-dependent process due to its historical nature, but outcomes could have varied.
- Convergence and constraints significantly limit evolutionary designs, suggesting that not all possibilities are realized.
- Fundamental constraints are inherent in the logic of living matter, influencing evolutionary outcomes.
- Examples of constraints include thermodynamics in living systems, linear molecular information, cellular composition, multicellularity, cognitive system computations, and ecosystem architecture.
- The study provides evidence for these constraints and proposes pathways for a defined theoretical framework.
The study investigates how well bacterial spores maintain their structural and morphological biosignatures after exposure to harsh conditions simulating the surfaces of Enceladus and Europa. It finds that spore structure remains resilient even after exposure to radiation and temperature extremes, suggesting that methods targeting cell morphology could be valuable for future life detection missions.
