This article explains how hydrophobic effects aren't simply about 'attraction' but are primarily driven by entropy. Water's strong hydrogen bonding network is disrupted when nonpolar molecules are introduced, decreasing entropy. The system minimizes this by reducing the surface area of contact between water and the nonpolar substance, leading to aggregation – the hydrophobic effect. It also clarifies the role of enthalpy, which is often less significant than entropy in this process.
This article discusses the process of neutralizing the pH of water using vinegar. It explains that to reduce the pH of water from 8 to 7, an acid (vinegar) is added.
The volume of vinegar = (8 - 7) x (500 mL) x (10^-14) » ÷ (0.086 M) x (1.8 x 10^-5) » = 3.22 mL
This means that you need to add about 3.22 mL of vinegar to 500 mL of water to neutralise it to a pH of 7.
