Scientists have discovered new complex organic molecules spewing from Saturn’s moon Enceladus, indicating complex chemical reactions within its underground ocean and strengthening the case for a dedicated ESA mission to the moon.
Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being implemented in a wide range of disciplines, with the promise of unlocking new possibilities for scientific exploration. However, while the development of LLMs brings opportunities to science, it also comes with pressing challenges. This Focus discusses the current state of the art, highlights key obstacles, and examines some of the potential pitfalls and biases of implementing and using LLMs across different domains, including healthcare, urban planning, chemistry, linguistics, humanities, and computer science. In addition, the Focus explores emerging technologies – such as neuromorphic engineering – that show promise in enhancing the energy efficiency of LLM deployment on hardware platforms.
Celebrating the 200th anniversary of benzene's discovery and its profound impact on chemistry and various fields, from health and energy to materials science and education. The article traces the history of benzene, its unique properties, and its role as a building block for complex molecules like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and ultimately, graphene.
total hardness of 50-175 ppm CaCO3 (2,9-9,8 dH°)
carbonate hardness of 40-75 ppm CaCO3 (2,9-9,8 dH°)
total hardness should exceed carbonate hardness
pH of 6.5-8
carbonate hardness of 40-75 ppm CaCO3 (2,9-9,8 dH°)
total hardness should exceed carbonate hardness
pH of 6.5-8
