Researchers discovered long-lost computer code and used it to resurrect the early chatbot ELIZA from MIT. Named after Eliza Doolittle from 'Pygmalion,' ELIZA was developed in the 1960s by MIT professor Joseph Weizenbaum. It was designed to emulate a psychotherapist in conversation and used a unique programming language called MAD-SLIP. Rediscovered in 2021, the original code was brought back to life after 60 years, demonstrating the chatbot's functionality and highlighting the historical significance of early artificial intelligence.
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The ELIZA chatbot, created in the 1960s by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT, has been painstakingly reconstructed from archived records and run for the first time in over half a century. This effort marks a significant step in preserving one of the earliest examples of artificial intelligence. Despite its rudimentary nature compared to modern AI, ELIZA's resurrection highlights its historical importance.
Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language created by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1956. IPL introduced concepts like list processing, dynamic memory allocation, recursion, and cooperative multitasking. It was an assembly language for manipulating lists and influenced several early AI programs. However, it was soon replaced by Lisp due to its more powerful features and simpler syntax.
Creativity and a Jetson Orin Nano Super can help hobbyists build accessible robots that can reason and interact with the world. The article discusses building a robot using accessible hardware like Arduino and Raspberry Pi, eventually upgrading to more capable hardware like the Jetson Orin Nano Super to run a large language model (LLM) onboard.
The original 1965 chatbot restored on the world's first time-sharing system, ELIZA, created by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT in 1964-6, is running again on a reconstructed version of MIT's CTSS, running on an emulated IBM 7094.
Henry Minsky, son of AI pioneer Marvin Minsky, co-founded Leela AI, an MIT-connected startup using novel visual intelligence to optimize manufacturing production lines through video analysis.
Artificial intelligence has always been around us, with Timothy J. O’Malley’s 1985 book on AI projects for the Commodore 64 being one example. This book explores various AI techniques used in games and other applications, highlighting the foundational methods that have been around since the 1950s and 1960s. It also discusses modern advancements in AI and the ongoing debate about progress and definitions in the field.
Researchers tested large language models (LLMs) and humans on a comprehensive battery of theory of mind tasks, revealing differences in their performance on tasks such as understanding false beliefs, recognizing irony, and identifying faux pas.
An interdisciplinary research project exploring the history and ideas behind the influential ELIZA chatbot, created in the 1960s. The project aims to contextualize ELIZA, analyze its code, and examine its cultural impact on human-computer interaction.
